HMB265H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Ploidy, Nucleosome, Nitrogenous Base
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HMB265H1 Full Course Notes
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Lecture 1- chapter 1: the genetics revolution in the life sciences. Each nucleotide has a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The sugars and phosphates are identical in each nucleotide but have different bases. The sugars and phosphates groups form a chain, the base is the center which is hydrogen bonded to the base facing it in the opposite strand (rungs). Diploid: a nucleus contains two complete copies of the genome and so two identical chromosome sets. The two members of a chromosome pair are called homologous chromosomes or homologs. The number of chromosomes in the basic genomic set is called the haploid number (n), which are 23 for humans. Many eukaryotes are haploid: only containing one set of chromosomes. Nucleosome: dna is wrapped twice around a histone octamer and another histone (h1) runs down the center of the coil acting as a stabilizer. Dna-nucleosome chain is further coiled and folded into double helix.
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