HPS211H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: James Prescott Joule, Independent Scientist

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orangezebra315

29 Feb 2012

School

UTSG

Department

History and Philosophy of Science and Technology

Course

HPS211H1

Professor

Pang Cheong

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Document Summary

Sadi carnot s reflection on the motive power of heat (1824) Heat produces work when it flows from hot reservoir to cold reservoir. Heat (caloric) is conserved; heat is different in kind from work. Analogy: water drives wheel to do mechanical work. From a rich family in brewery business, manchester. Interested in interconvertibility of various physical actions. Measure temperature before & after weight falling. Influenced by naturphilosophie: unified, active agents of nature. Various forms of force (energy): kinetic, potential, chemical, thermal, electric, electromagnetic, physiological ( animal heat ) Energy as agents and sources of actions and phenomena. Second law: usable energy (measured by entropy) decreases. Physical chemistry: rates of chemical reactions (modern interpretation of affinity). Energetics: all natural phenomena are energy effects. Human motor (helmholtz): human body as a thermodynamic machine. Quantify labor in the same vain as mechanical work (c. f. As entropy increases, usable energy becomes scarcer. A protestant christian reaction to the prevailing.

Related Questions

Which of the following statement are true mechanical energy? Include all that apply.

1.The total amount of mechanical energy of an object is the sum of its potential energy and the kinetic energy.

2. Heat is a form of mechanical energy.

3. The mechanical energy of an object is always conserved.

4. When non-conservative forces do work, energy is transformed from kinetic to potential (or vice versa), but the total mechanical energy is conserved.

5. A bowling ball is mounted from a ceiling by way of a strong cable. It is a drawback and released, allowed to swing as a pendulum. As it swings from its highest position to its lowest position, the total mechanical energy is mostly conserved.

6. When a friction force does work on an object, the total mechanical energy of that object is changed.

7. The total mechanical energy of an object remains constant if the only forces doing work on the object are conservative forces.

8. If an object gains mechanical energy, then one can be certain that a non-conservative force is doing work.

lilacplatypus580

KEY TERMS

1. work (4.1) 6. potential energy 11. watt

2. joule 7. gravitational potential energy 12. horsepower

3. foot-pound 8. conservation of total energy (4.3) 13. kilowatt-hour

4. energy (4.2) 9. conservation of mechanical energy 14. alternative energy source (4.6)

5. kinetic energy 10. power (4.4) 15. renewable energy sources

For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate key term from the preceding list.

c. _ _ _ _ Unit of electrical energy

violetpig901

1. A stone of mass 5.0 kg is dropped from a height of 2.0 m abovethe ground and falls
freely under the action of gravity. Neglect the air resistanceacting on the stone.
A. Calculate the potential energy (PE), kinetic energy (KE) and thetotal mechanical
energy of the stone at the point of release.
B. The same (that is, PE, KE and the total energy) of the stone ata height of 0.5 m
above the ground as it falls.
C. Using the conservation of mechanical energy calculate the speedof the stone just
before it strikes the ground. What is the total mechanical energyof the stone in this
case? Does it verify the principle of conservation of energy?
D. Calculate the work done by the force of gravity

HPS211H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: James Prescott Joule, Independent Scientist

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