HMB321H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Heart Development, Congenital Heart Defect, Genetic Testing

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pucemosquito864

8 Oct 2011

School

UTSG

Department

Human Biology

Course

HMB321H1

Professor

Maria Papaconstantinou

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Document Summary

We are born with only a set number of heart muscles, which, over time, will senesce and we eventually encounter issues (e. g. cvd) We need to understand how heart cells are in the embryo => can we learn something like this to add something endogenous into the heart to aid these issues. Adult heart muscle cells have different components than embryonic. Understanding gene programming can tell us how to turn off certain functions that are detrimental, though occur in adult heart cells. Once cells are speci ed, must organize into a tube. While the embryo is growing and pumping blood through, looping will occur (hence the fact that our blood pumps through left side rst) In some cases, incomplete septation occurs leaving an obvious hole in the septum. Unlike in wt heart, deoxygenated and oxygenated blood can be mixed. Can decrease survival due to reduction of oxygenated blood perfusing through body.

Related Questions

Developmental biologists did the following experiments to discover the role of endoderm in the specification of cardiogenic mesoderm.

Using early mouse embryos:
Experiment 1: Removed the anterior endoderm and cultured the embryo â no cardiogenic mesoderm and no heart muscle cells developed.

Experiment 2: Removed anterior endoderm and replaced it posterior endoderm from another embryo and cultured the embryo â no cardiogenic mesoderm and no heart muscle cells formed.

Experiment 3: Removed anterior endoderm and replaced it anterior endoderm from another embryo and cultured the embryo â cardiogenic mesoderm and heart muscle cells developed.

Interpret these data. What are the signals that come from the anterior endoderm? What is their role in specification of the cardiogenic mesoderm?

1. How could disorders of the blood vessels be detected? How do you think these disorders are related?

2. How does a sedentary lifestyle affect/promote the development of cardiovascular disorders?

3. Understanding the functions of the cardiovascular system and how the human body develops some cardiovascular diseases, what would you suggest for measures of how you could prevent cardiovascular diseases?

For Human Biology

Visit http://visembryo.com/baby/index.html and answer the following questions.

1. In embryo development stage 2, what type of replication are the first cells undergoing? What do you think would happen if a mutation occurred in one of these cells?

2. At about 16 days post-ovulation, what layer will give rise to the hair, nails, and skin?

3. Explain what a neural groove is, and at how many days post-ovulation does this form? What do you think might happen if this neural groove is not formed properly?

4. At what stage does the heart become a four-chambered heart? What do you think might occur if the heart does not completely differentiate into four different chambers?

5. During what stage is gender differentiated? What do you think might occur if the gender does not properly differentiate?

6. Describe two major developments that occur during stage 23.

7. During what week of development are the lungs completely capable of breathing air? Discuss genetic disorders involving the respiratory system?

8. Describe why an infant is born with 300 bones, while an adult has 206 bones. Discuss some birth defects that effect the skeletal system and identify if they are associated with a genetic condition.

9. Describe the development of the musculature in fetal development. Highlight any major genetic conditions involving the muscle system.

Human Embryo Development and Birth Defects adopted from: Kelly Day, CDCâs 2005 Science Ambassador Program

HMB321H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Heart Development, Congenital Heart Defect, Genetic Testing

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