IMM250H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, Type I Hypersensitivity
Document Summary
Systemic in ammatory response syndrome (sirs: full body reaction to infectious trigger. Usually pneumonia, urinary tract infections, skin, gut: high lps levels. Risk factors - hiv, cancer, immunosuppressive drugs. Higher risk in infants and elderly: sirs > sepsis > severe sepsis > septic shock, most common cause of death in hospitals (1/3 deaths) Inducer of sepsis are pamps - lps (endotoxin) Recognised by tlr-4: release cytokines - tnf , il1- , il-6, il-8. Becomes systemic - involvement of multiple organs eg. liver, spleen. Cytokine storm: increased vasodilation, vascular permeability, more adhesion molecules, recruitment of neutrophils and leukocytes increase, positive feedback loop. Leads to: loss of barrier function, widespread vasodilation, disseminated intravascular coagulation, leakage of vascular uid into tissues, low blood pressure, multiple organ failure (+ death) Treatments for early stage sepsis: broad-spectrum antibiotics - control infection, vasopressors - restore blood pressure, uid replacement - restore blood volume, tissue profusion - improve oxygenation of vital organs.
