LIN229H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Minimal Pair, Free Variation, Phoneme
Document Summary
Talk about c-v ratio, what can appear as c, or v in coda, onset, nucleus position, etc. Segmental inventory: explain distribution, allophones, restriction of environment. Contrast: means by which the phonemes of a language are determined. /s/ and / / are contrastive: ex. sip and ship. Inventory: each language has a finite number of contrastive sounds. [t] and [d] are distinctive: ex. tip vs dip. Organizing data into a contrastive inventory requires that you identify minimal pairs. Contrastive inventory includes only sounds that change meaning if replaced by other sounds of that inventory. People had to identify if they recognized the sound, or not speakers tend to perceive ambiguous stimuli as well-formed sounds. If the lang had b"s and d"s, the listeners would say that the medial sounds were one or the other. In english, /l/ and /(cid:1853)/ are allophones of the same phoneme, they are pronounced differently and non-contrastive. They are not in free variation and non- contrastive.
