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9/30/09
1
Announcements
• Next week (week of Oct. 12)
– LIN100 does not meet: No lecture (Oct. 12), no
tutorials (Oct. 12, 13, 15) and no help labs (Oct.
12, 14). Classes/labs resume on Oct. 19.
• Quiz 1
– Date, location: In tutorial (Oct. 22, 26 or 27)
– Duration: 20 minutes
– Content: Phonetics
– No aids allowed.
Lecture 4 Phonetics III
Today’s goal
- Segmental processes
- Suprasegmentals
- Bridge to phonology
One note about the distribution
of lax vowels
• Lax vowels not occurring at the end of words
(or more accurately at the end of syllables)
holds in English, but may not in other
languages.
Review
• Consonants
• Vowels
• Glides
Articulation adjustment in speech
Speech – a sequence of segments
Articulation of one segment influences that of
another
- Coarticulation
- Processes
Coarticulation - overlapping
Anticipating the following segment, the gestures
of two segments may overlap for a moment
apt
[p] ---------> [pt] ----------> [t]
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2
Processes
Articulatory adjustment during speech, changing
the nature of the individual segment
Purposes
- Ease of articulation
- Ease of perception
Processes
- Assimilation
- Dissimilation
- Deletion
- Epenthesis
- Metathesis
- Reduction
Assimilation
One sound becomes more like another, taking on
a feature of the other w.r.t. its phonetic
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characteristics (e.g., place, manner, voicing)
Directionality
- Regressive assimilation x y
- Progressive assimilation x y
Regressive assimilation
can’t
Regressive assimilation
can’t
nasalization
[kænt]
Regressive assimilation
In Paris, in town
inconsiderate, comfortable
Place of articulation?
[m pærs] [n tawn]
[ŋk nsdrt] [kftbl ]
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3
Regressive assimilation
of course
voiceless
devoicing
[әf kors]
Progressive assimilation
clay, cry, queen
Voiceless
devoicing
[k)ej] [k*aj] [kwin]
Dissimilation
• Two sounds become less alike in terms of
articulation or acoustics
Dissimilation
• Two sounds become less alike in terms of
articulation or acoustics
fifths [ffs] [ffts]
• Rarer than assimilation
prince, warmth, tenth
Something inserted between the nasal and the
fricative?
prince, warmth, tenth
[prnts] [wormp] [tent]
epenthesis/insertion
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[n] [t] [s]
suppose, potato
With a vowel?
[sәpowz] [pәtejtow]
suppose, potato
Without a vowel?
[spowz] [ptejtow]
vowel deleted
Deletion
prescribe, prescription
[prskrajb] [prskrp n]-
.. . .pronounced as:-
[prskrajb][prskrip n]-
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