LMP299Y1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Acetyl-Coa, Ethanol Metabolism, Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase

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Toxicology has been defined as . Understand phase i and ii metabolism of toxins. The study of the adverse effects of xenobiotics . Concerned with understanding the mechanisms of action and exposure to chemicals as a cause of acute and chronic illness. Xenobiotics = pharmacologically active substance that is not endogenously produced by the organism. Similarities between toxicology and tdm (therapeutic drug monitoring) one level is therapeutic other is toxic. Pharmacokinetics how body deals with the drug. Pharmacodynamics how drug itself influences the body through receptors both. Biotransformation alters the biological properties of xenobiotics so that it is less toxic (detoxification). However, in some cases it can produce a more toxic metabolite (example: etoh) Exposure to xenobiotics is largely through oral ingestion (but it is not limited to this route or transmission). Changes pharmacological activity hopefully making it less toxic. Occurs primarily in the liver* Involves the cytochrome p- 450 system (examples: oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis rxn"s)

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