MGY277H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Contact Tracing, Improved Sanitation, Hand Washing
1 Dec 2018
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Influences our daily lives (hand washing, waste disposal, restaurant/food inspection, water treatment) Principles of epidemiology: two major principle"s, communicable: transmitted from one host to another and this transmission is determined by interactions between environment, pathogen, and host. Controlling any of these factors may break infection cycle (e. g. improved sanitation, antimicrobial medications, etc. : non-communicable: do not spread from host to host, microorganisms most often arise from individual"s normal microbiota or environment. Individuals who developed disease vs. healthy controls: prospective studies: looks ahead from prospective studies, predicts tendency to develop disease, cohort groups with known exposure to risk factor are selected and followed over time. Reservoirs of infection: natural habitat in which pathogen lives (e. g. in or on animal, human, or in env) Indirect contact (but touching contaminated objects) - called fomites. Disease transmission: contact: droplet transmission: respiratory droplets generally fall to ground within a meter from release considered contact transmission.
