NMC101H1 Lecture Notes - Deçan, Sothic Cycle, Manetho
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1.
Which of the following have been used by scientists to determine evolutionary relationships and divergence times between primate species or lineages?
A. | evidence from the fossil record | |
B. | behavioral observations of living primates | |
C. | molecular phylogenies | |
D. | all of the above | |
E. | A and C are correct |
2.
Problems with interpreting information from the fossil record include:
A. | variation within one species may be misinterpreted (e.g. as multiple species rather than one) | |
B. | differential preservation results in sample fossil populations which donât reflect the size of past populations | |
C. | a species sometimes has to be defined on the basis of only one fossil specimen | |
D. | all of the above | |
E. | none of the above; scientists donât find any problems with interpreting fossils because the evidence is always so clear and unquestionable |
3.
Cultural practices - such as those pertaining to agriculture - can play a significant role in influencing the evolution of infectious disease microbes.
True
False
4.
Populations that evolved to include high numbers of individuals with the "thrifty genotype" include higher frequencies of the following health problems:
A. | influenza | |
B. | obesity | |
C. | diabetes | |
D. | all of the above | |
E. | B and C are correct |
5.
Human behavior is one of the critical factors that contribute to the evolution of more virulent (harmful) bacterial and viral strains.
True
False
6.
Large agricultural and urban populations may be more vulnerable to infectious disease due to their:
A. | larger population size | |
B. | larger homes and dwelling structures | |
C. | sedentary lifestyle | |
D. | all of the above | |
E. | both A and C are correct |
1. You are given only three quarterly seasonal indices and quarterly seasonally adjusted data for the entire year. What is the raw data value for Q4? Raw data is not adjusted for seasonality.
Quarter Seasonal Index Seasonally Adjusted Data
Q1 .80 295
Q2 .85 299
Q3 1.15 270
Q4 --- 271
2. One model of exponential smoothing will provide almost the same forecast as a liner trend method. What are linear trend intercept and slope counterparts for exponential smoothing?
A. Alpha and Delta
B. Delta and Gamma
C. Alpha and Gamma
D. Standard Deviation and Mean
3. When performing correlation analysis what is the null hypothesis? What measure in Minitab is used to test it and to be 95% confident in the significance of correlation coefficient.
A. Ho: r = .05 p < .5
B. Ho: r = 0 p >.05
C. Ho: r ? 0 p?.05
D. Ho: r = 0 p?.05
In decomposition what does the cycle factor (CF) of .80 represent for a monthly forecast estimate of a Y variable? |
A. The estimated value is 80% of the average monthly seasonal estimate.
B. The estimate is .80 of the forecasted Y trend value.
C. The estimated value is .80 of the historical average CMA values.
D. The estimated value has 20% more variation than the average historical Y data values.
5. A Wendy's franchise owner notes that the sales per store has fallen below the stated national Wendy's outlet average of $1,368,000. He asserts a change has occurred that reduced the fast food eating habits of Americans. What is his hypothesis (H1) and what type of test for significance must be applied? |
A. H1: u ? $1,368,000 A one-tailed t-test to the left.
B. H1: u = $1,368,000 A two-tailed t-test.
C. H1: u < $1,368,000 A one-tailed t-test to the left.
D. H1: p < $1,368,000 A one-tailed test to the right
A. The rejection region and the t-table value generally gets smaller for sample size below 31. |
A. Yes. The data are significantly correlated through the 12th lag. C. No. Only the 12 lag period is not correlated. D. You cannot tell since the number of sample observations is not provided. E. The p-value is above .05 so the data is correlated. |
A. Type 2 error |
A. Yes. They move in the same direction as statistical significance. |
A. The weight cannot be calculated since the data observation is not given. |
A. Yes. The correlation coefficient is .873 that is greater than .05. |
A. Yes, since the residuals randomly vary in magnitude. |
A. -101.0 |
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