NEW232Y1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Social Contract, Psychoanalysis, Individualism
Document Summary
Saw humans as comprised of instincts that have to be tamed" by society. *reality: we need to sacrifice, tame instincts to maximize our interests. *in late 19th century: people started to learn from own intellectual rather than only rely on bible. *freud thought human have two parts: beast-like: that needs to be socialized, reason. *freud believed environmental experiences during the first several years of life were the most important to form character. We are not created in certain way but through long-term processes we develop. = conditioned by environmental factors. We could get fixated in certain stage of our development. *4 calamities of childhood: loss of love, loss of the person we love, fear of punishment, fear of castration/mutilation/ humiliation/ shame. *freud thought religious belief are not ideal for development. *freud"s ideal for development: freedom from religion/political control. *enemy of true freedom: superstition, religions, that make you obey authorities without questioning-> suppress unconscious.