NEW335H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Insular Cortex, Cingulate Cortex, Orbitofrontal Cortex
Document Summary
A change in the structure and/or function of neurons or neuronal networks. *neuroplasticity also changes in non-neuronal cells/tissues (e. g. glial cells and vasculature). Neuroplasticity affects many neurons, and if enough neurons are affected, gross brain structure changes, and may change behavioral function in a major way. Certain neurons more likely to change depending on the stimuli. (e. g. chronic stress often affects neurons in the hippocampus and amygdala. ) **how do we measure neuroplasticity: mri (magnetic resonance imaging) Many different types of neurons differ in their plasticity. We need to know basic anatomy of the brain. Nucleus: bundle of cells: gray matter: cell bodies: outer layer, cortex( explain our higher-order behavioiurs). Tract: bundle of axons: white matter, inner layer, subcortex. Four lobes (spatial and functional division of brain): frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal. Three axis: dorsal (top, superior), ventral (bottom, inferior, rostral (front, anterior), caudal (back, posterior, lateral (outer), medial (closer to interior)
