NFS284H1 Lecture Notes - Vitamin B12 Deficiency, Thiamine, Megaloblastic Anemia
Document Summary
Must be listed in the nutrition facts table. Mouth chewing releases the vitamins from food. Stomach digestion releases the vitamins from food some niacin absorption. Gall bladder bile absorbs fat-soluble vitamins. Pancreas digestive enzymes releases the vitamins from food. Fat-soluble vitamins (micelles) brush border mucosal cells (chylomicrons) lymph blood: water-soluble vitamins blood. Large intestine bacteria synthesize small amounts of vitamins. Bioavailability how much a nutrient can be absorbed and used in the body. Water-soluble vitamins: no storage, excess excreted in urine, depleted more quickly than fat-soluble vitamins, vitamin b12 stays in the body for several years (exception) Stored in the liver and the adipose tissue. Molecule + active enzyme = enzyme reaction. Enzyme reaction = to form one or more new molecules. Energy metabolism: thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin. Single carbon metabolism transfer of methyl groups: vitamin b6, vitamin b12, folate. Antioxidants protection from oxidative damage or oxidative stress: vitamin c, vitamin e.
