PHC320H1 Lecture 7: Lecture 7 Genetics and Technology Impact

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azuresquirrel208

22 Apr 2012

School

UTSG

Department

Pharmaceutical Chemistry

Course

PHC320H1

Professor

Giaever

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Document Summary

Chemical biology: uses tools of chemistry to better understand biological processes, overcome biological problems. Small molecule/gene mutation inhibits protein that is responsible for biological. Small molecule inhibitors provide: control over the level of protein activity, control over timing of protein, transferable reagent, potential drug lead. Classical genetics: forward: random mutagenesis select mutation with phenotype of interest , reverse: mutate gene of interest generate cells with mutation look for identify mutated gene phenotype change. Solutions: hydrophoicity: hydrophobic molecules into membranes (passive diffusion, active transport: protein carriers, but important as drug resistance mechanisms, passive transport: between cells: gap junctions, tight junctions. Yko (yeast knockout) collection: specific for model organism system, mutagenize organism, grow organism on drug, screen for mutation that don"t exhibit drug induced phenotype (suppressors, clone genes for candidate interactors. 2nd test to prove suppressor is target (in vitro assay: elegans diploid transparent survives freezing small hermaphroditic. 3 day life cycle high biological conservation to higher animals.

Related Questions

From the following statements select all that are true.

Question 6 options:

A)	All enzymes are proteins.

B)	All proteins are enzymes.

C)	Enzymes in our bodies function as biological catalysts.

D)	Biological catalysts speed up rates of chemical reactions.

E)	If an enzyme slows down a chemical reaction it is called an allosteric inhibitor.

F)	Many inorganic divalent cations like iron (Fe²⁺), zinc (Zn²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺) are essential for our survival in part because they function as cofactors that activate enzymes in our bodies.

G)	Enzyme inhibitors retard an enzyme's activity and an inhibitor can be classified as a non competitive inhibitor if its effects on the enzyme's activity can be overcome simply by adding more substrate to the system.

Assuming that attenuation is a relatively inefficient way to achieve genetic regulation, what might explain its widespread occurrence?

Select two corect statements.

	a.	It prevents the mutation of genes.
	b.	It can regulate the binding of different proteins to DNA sections.
	c.	It provides a fine level of control over gene expression.
	d.	It can be achieved in a rather straightforward manner with amino acids.

7. What are essential amino acids? How are they different from non-essential amino acids? Do all organisms have the same set of essential amino acids? What role do essential amino acids play in human biochemistry?

8. How and why are protein molecules affected by the pH of their environment? How can the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation be used to tell us about the response of protein molecules to changes in pH?

9. Describe the use of affinity chromatography and explain why it is such a powerful technique for purifying proteins. Why is it more powerful than most other methods.

10. Many biological compounds could potentially exist as more than one stereoisomer, but only one steric form is used for a given function. Why is the selection of only one steric form a necessary feature of living organisms? What would happen to the protein product if an organism could randomly add either D- or L-amino acids during protein synthesis.

PHC320H1 Lecture 7: Lecture 7 Genetics and Technology Impact

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