PHC320H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Chemical Kinetics, Reagent, Elementary Reaction

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ochrepug355

24 Mar 2015

School

UTSG

Department

Pharmaceutical Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry

Course

PHC320H1

Professor

Shirley Wu

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Document Summary

We are talking about the physical and chemical properties of drugs. If you browse through the notebook, there are a lot of equations that we will discuss. You have to know the equations, but you don"t have to memorize them. During the exam, you will be given all the equations, but the terms will not be defined. You should be able to pick the right equation that you need. And, you don"t have to memorize them or memorize how to derive them. As i have mentioned, if someone is likely to come up with a new medicinal product, either by using screening or structural analysis of the binding site (via computer modelling). You can find a therapeutic product that can bind to the active site with a specific affinity and with specifity. We want our drug to bind a specific receptor, as non- specific binding can cause side-effects.

Related Questions

I am prepping information for a lab on the recrystallization of salacylic acid and we are supposed to write out the chemical structures and how they react with each other. I can find the structures for each one individually but I am having an extremely hard time finding anything that will talk about or show me how they react. If you could please help me with drawing them out, it would be a huge help. Thank you so much!

1) salacylic acid + water

2) salacylic acid + acetone

3) salacylic acid + ethanol

4) salacylic acid + ligroin

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution help needed. Objectives: Design an experimental procedure that allows you to determine the relative reactivity between anisole, chlorobenzene, diphenylether, toluene, orthoâxylene, metaâxylene and paraâxylene.

In this lab you are challenged with determining the relative rates for reaction between different substituted benzenes and a common electrophile (Br2). Bromine was chosen as the electrophile because it is colored. Acetic acid (solvent), and all of the substituted benzenes we will be using are colorless. Also all products, HBr and the brominated substituted benzenes are all colorless. Thus we can know when the reaction is complete if we use bromine as the limiting reagent and watch for the color to disappear. Before you come to lab you must develop a plan to test relative rates of reactions of anisole, chlorobenzene, diphenyl ether, toluene, mâxylene, oâ xylene and pâxylene with bromine. In the lab you will be provided with 0.20 M solutions of each of the substituted benzenes, and 0.05 M solution of bromine. You have your standard glassware found in your drawer, and we ask that you use no more than 1 mL of any given solution for any given test (this means you can use 1 mL of Br2 to test anisole and another 1 mL . Working on this scale would require small reaction vessels, so I would recommend carrying out individual tests in 3âinch testâtubes (your small ones). They can easily be held in a water bath by wrapping a coil of copper wire around them and putting a hook in the wire that catches the top of a beaker (see figure). If you need to explore different temperatures, we recommend using a beaker of boiling water as a 100oC bath, a beaker of ice and water for a 0oC bath and a beaker of tap water that has been left out for 20 minutes or so as a room temperature bath which can be monitored with a thermometer. We also have stopwatches and a clock that you can use to measure time. With these resources available, come up with a plan to determine experimentally the order of reactivity between the above substituted benzenes. To accurately determine this order you will have to take great care to ensure that all other variables are consistent between different tests.

Science Tutor: Chemistry Name: Mixtures, Solutions, &Compounds: Chemical Equations Date Chemical Equations If a chemical symbol can be thought of as a letter and a chemical formula as a word in the language of chemistry, then a chemical equation is a statement or sentence. A chemical equation is a shorthand way of describing a chemical reaction between two or more substances. A "+ sign means "combines with." An arrow points away from the reactants and toward the products (See page 10), and an arrow means "yields." 2Na + Cl2 â 2NaCl means sodium combines with chlorine to yield sodiumn chloride (salt) Look closely at the equation above. Notice the "2" in front of NaCI on the right and Na on the left. That 2, called a coefficient, is necessary to make this equation balance. Remember Antoine Lavoisier? (Page 15) Matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. The same number of each kind of atom must be on both sides of a chemical equation. Because chlorine only exists as a molecule consisting of two chlorine atoms, it requires two atoms of sodium to yield two molecules of salt (NaCI). This illustrates another important law stated clearly by the French chemist Joseph-Louis Proust in 1799. Chemical compounds always combine in certain specific fixed proportions. Wherever sodium and chlorine combine, two atoms of sodium will be necessary to react with one molecule of gaseous chlorine. 1 . For the equation 2Mg + O2â 2MgO + energy: A. List the reactant or reactants 2Hato B. List the product or products C. How many atoms of magnesium does it take to combine with one molecule of oxygen? D. How many molecules of magnesium oxide are produced in this reaction? 2. Hydrogen can combine with oxygen to produce water. We could write the equation like this: H2 + O2 â H2O. But this equation is unbalanced! Rewrite this equation with the correct coefficients so that an atom of oxygen doesn't disappear! (Be careful. If you add a coefficient to one side you may have to adjust the other. Count all the atoms.) 3. Now that you have the idea, balance the following equations: A, Pho, â PbO + 02 C. Ca + H2O â Ca(OH)2 + H2 How is following a recipe to mix up a batch of biscuits (or any other food item) similar to Proust's law for chemical reactions? 4. OMark Twain Media, Inc., Publishers 17

PHC320H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Chemical Kinetics, Reagent, Elementary Reaction

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