PSL301H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Renal Cortex, Tight Junction, Growth Factor
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PSL301H1 Full Course Notes
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Paul is a 65-year-old man who lives alone. He has been diabetic for 25 years and seldom sees his doctor. He comes to the er, complaining of severe fatigue and weakness, poor appetite, nausea and vomiting, swelling of his feet and ankles, severe itching of his skin, poor memory, difficulty sleeping, and twitching muscles. Diabetes is most common cause of end-stage kidney failure in north america. A physical exam confirmed edema and hypertension (180/110), paleness, confusion and poor memory, involuntary muscle movements, and his breath smells like urine. Profoundly low hemoglobin and bicarbonate (kidney has to regenerate bicarbonate) Uremia is a syndrome consisting of symptoms, clinical signs, and laboratory changes due to severe kidney failure. Gfr < 15 ml/min (normal is 120ml/min), so 10-12% of normal kidney function. More of the problems in uremia are readily explained through understanding kidney physiology. Fatigue and weakness: decreased oxygen delivery and decreased muscle mass.
