POL101Y1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Keynesian Economics, Comprador, Multilateralism
Developmentalism and Globalization
●Previously
○Focused on inequality and exclusion as managed modest of economic production, social
reproduction, and politics
○Shift from fordism (20th century) to post fordism (1970s-present)
■Fordism: method of development that used industrialization as both the means
and ends of development
●Strategy that allowed for the promised most efficient means of
industrialization
■Post-fordism politics
●NAFTA: negotiated behind closed doors, didn’t have democratic
participation in terms of sending the agenda, very technical document
negotiated by experts
●Defining development
○Version 1.0 development as description
■Account of (inevitable) historical change without values or directions
○Version 2.0 (critique): development is always political
■Always political, collective process, debate over values put into goals, what we
prioritize when thinking of political and economic goals
■Implies a set of values of how societies ought to operate;
■Outlines paths, procedures, steps to follow
●And consequences for failure to follow them; if you try to pursue
alternative modes of development
○Ex: WTO (transnational organization that can change the rules of
a given nation state if those regulations are seen as a violation of
the free trade agreement)
●Established criteria by which economies are deemed to be or not to be
members in good standing of the global community
●Defining development (II)
○Version 3.0: post-globalization shift to capabilities
■Assumed free market political economy, no longer overshadowed by Cold War,
i.e. now the North Atlantic is ‘common sense’
■Development not only as GDP but also in terms of human happiness and other
less tangibles
○Millebbium development goals
■Focus on absolute poverty, role of women
○Sustainable development goals
■Extend MDGs, emphasis on green development
○Role of Non-state actors
■United nations
■NGOs
■Corporate and superstar philanthropy
●Developmentalism
○Post WWII phenomenon
■Nobody cared about development, not a preoccupation of policy makers and the
international community prior to WWII
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