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ENV200H1 Lecture Notes - Electromagnetic Spectrum, Photosynthesis, Atmospheric Circulation

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yellowgerbil479
15 Feb 2011
School
UTSG
Department
School of Environment
Course
ENV200H1
Professor
Jack Parkinson

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Document Summary

Fossil fuel = decomposition of living organisms --> liquid or gas, they"re actually fossils made through millions of years. Complete recycle of water back to the eco system. Proteins and dna, what makes who we are, requires nitrogen which is an important element. 78% of the atmosphere is made out of. Nitrogen cannot be used unless converted into useable forms , after it goes through ammonification then it can be used in a biological way. I t has to go through a complicated five steps, details will be in the text book go check it. In the past, b/c nitrogen in the atmosphere isn"t in a biologically useable form we relied on bacteria to convert the nitrogen into the biological useable form which is called nitrogen fixation. Lots of nitrogen in the air, but not in useable form unless it"s converted.

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Related Questions

The nitrogen cycle describes the fluxes of nitrogen atoms among air, land, and water. Nitrogen enters the atmosphere in the form of N2O or N2 gas when people burn fossil fuels. Nitrogen enters soil as bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen to NO3-, which can be absorbed by plants. Water contacting soil will pick up nitrogen and carry it to a lake or ocean. In recent decades, the use of fertilizers containing nitrogen has increased the amount of nitrogen that flows into lakes and oceans, causing blooms of algal referred to as eutrophication.

Use this information and your knowledge about biology to answer questions 16-20.

16. All of the nitrogen in fertilizers will end up in bodies of water. True or False

17. If the supply of nitrogen limits the growth of plants, emissions from burning fossil fuels should lead to more biomass of plants. True or False

18. A teleconnection occurs when nitrogen introduced as fertilizer ends up causing algae to bloom in the ocean. True or False

19. Negative feedback would occur if emissions of fossil fuel increase the rate of nitrification by bacteria. True or False

20. Positive feedback occurs when nitrification by bacteria causes the population of bacteria to grow. True or False

Assume that the following four proteins (A-D) bind atmospheric Nitrogen (N2) as the first step in “fixing” it into a biological form. Which protein has the greatest affinity for N2?

A + N2 <==> AN2 (Kd = 6.35 x 10-9 M)

B + N2 <==> BN2 (Kd = 6.35 x 10-6 M)

C + N2 <==> CN2 (Kd = 5.50 x 10-6 M)

D + N2 <==> DN2 (Kd = 2.16 x 10-9 M)

Name and describe the 5 microbial transformations ofnitrogen. For each, what chemical form of nitrogen isthe input and what chemical form is the output? Which one makes Nbiologically available? Which one returns N to theatmosphere? For each of these transformations, how doesit benefit the microbes involved?