SOC313H1 Lecture Notes - Making Money, Informal Sector

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Gangs always have been perceived as wild, law violating, youth, and most recently including drug deals and guns. But, it has been difficult for scholars to define systematically what gangs are because. Peer groups or youth groups are central to youthful activities and they tend to hang out in group you can"t define youth groups as gangs that have less criminality. Most scholars do agree that gangs are primarily comprised of mostly young males organized to a various degree, and being engaged in a range of behaviours that can move from loudness, graffiti to outright criminality. Female gang members always have been existed but relatively less attention and research have been paid to them until recently. Data on prevalence and incidents on gang members and gang violence can only be derived from self-identification and official data. Police data produces very different estimates than self-reports, especially on females. Lack of standardized definitions of what constitute a gang among police departments.

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