BIOC 300B Lecture Notes - Lecture 32: Homeobox, Histone H2B, Alpha Helix

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Cells exposed to hormones and growth factors will change substantially in shape, growth rate etc. Many di erent cell types present in multicellular organism. Gene expression: is the combined process of transcription of a gene into mrna, the p recessing of that mrna and its translation into protein. First and foremost controlled at level of transcription. Achieved by interplay between proteins that bind speci c regions of dna sequences and sites. their dna-binding. Prokaryotic dna-binding proteins bind speci cally to regulatory sites in operons: E. coli rely on glucose as source of carbon energy. Glucose low e. coli use lactose as carbon source. Essential enzyme is needed in metabolism of lactose--> beta-galactosidase. The presence of lactose induces a large increase in beta-galactosidase by evoking the synthesis of a new enzyme rather than activating an inactive precursor. Two other proteins are synthesized in concert with beta-galactosidase. Thiogalactoside transacetylase-not essential for lactose metabolism but role in detox.

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