BIOL 329 Lecture Notes - Lecture 33: Marine Mammal, Adaptive Management
6 May 2018
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Lect 33
Bio-geoclimatic zones, what prey are available explained up to 80% of the genetic variation between
oles. Less likely to find deer on outer, rugged islands eause it doesn’t ontain their haitat
requirements.
Isotopic mixing models – wolves fit within the range containing deer, salmon, and marine mammal N15.
Mainland wolves = 75% terrestrial, 25% marine, Inner island wolves = half deer, half salmon and marine
mammals (50/50). Outer island wolves = 75% marine, 25% terrestrial.
Islands as isolated food patches – strong top-down control = less deer. Islands are refuges from
competition
Human fisheries comprised 50% (up to 80%) of fish biomass consumption.
Isotopic signatures – how many salmon eaten in a given season, hormone levels, sex of bear, age.
Higher density of black bears – assume lower consumption of salmon per bear. No significant difference
in salmon in black bear diet. Fewer black bears where Grizzlies are present. Spawning salmon biomass –
doesn’t matter how many salmon are present. Spawning salmon diversity: proportion of salmon in diet
of black bear increases as it becomes available (both when Grizzlies are absent and present).
Wolves: Predators, social, live and hunt in family groups, very intelligent, vocal communication
communicate with other species.
Physical characteristics of caribou: antlers in both sexes, large hooves and dew claws, thick buoyant hair,
palmate brow tine (shovel), M = 110 kg, F = 80 kg, give birth to single precocious (day it’s orn an run
and keep up ith heard) young. Don’t reah full adult size until 3 years.
Behavioural characteristics: gregarious (social groups – large herds), harem mating system (male tries to
protect several females to mate with them but there are extra pair copulations), migratory (some
sedentary).
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Document Summary
Bio-geoclimatic zones, what prey are available explained up to 80% of the genetic variation between (cid:449)ol(cid:448)es. Less likely to find deer on outer, rugged islands (cid:271)e(cid:272)ause it doesn"t (cid:272)ontain their ha(cid:271)itat requirements. Isotopic mixing models wolves fit within the range containing deer, salmon, and marine mammal n15. Mainland wolves = 75% terrestrial, 25% marine, inner island wolves = half deer, half salmon and marine mammals (50/50). Outer island wolves = 75% marine, 25% terrestrial. Islands as isolated food patches strong top-down control = less deer. Human fisheries comprised 50% (up to 80%) of fish biomass consumption. Isotopic signatures how many salmon eaten in a given season, hormone levels, sex of bear, age. Higher density of black bears assume lower consumption of salmon per bear. No significant difference in salmon in black bear diet. Spawning salmon biomass doesn"t matter how many salmon are present.
