PHIL 260 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Ivan Sechenov, American Psychological Association, Utopia

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Epistemological claim: how do we gain knowledge about other people"s minds or mental states, by observing behaviour. Semantic claim: semantic means meaning or content, the meaning of a word, phrase, etc. How do we determine the meaning of terms such as belief , hope , and desire : done through statements about typical or default behaviours. Metaphysical claim: what is a mental state, the claim is that a mental state is just a set of behaviours or disposition towards certain behaviours. Tom likes beer: likes is a mental state, tom tends to drink beer whenever he gets the opportunity. Ivan pavlov in russia won a nobel prize in physiology in 1904: would never have passed ethics guidelines by today"s standards, didn"t want to be called a psychologist, wanted to be called a physiologist. Ivan sechenov: researched volition at the university of moscow, volition is something close to free will, studied inhibition, the nervous system.

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