BIOC 1303 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Acetaldehyde, Methanol, Butyraldehyde
28 Jun 2018
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Week Four/Five: February 5 - 9, 2018
Introduction to Organic and Biological Chemistry for Health Sciences
Chapter 14 Aldehydes, Ketones and Chiral Molecules
14.1 Aldehydes and Ketones
Learning Goals → Identify compounds with the carbonyl group as aldehydes and ketones
→ Give the IUPAC name and common names for aldehydes and ketones
→ Draw their condensed structural formulas.
Aldehydes and Ketones - Pg. 509
- The carbonyl group is found in aldehydes and ketones.
- In an aldehyde, an H atom is attached to carbonyl group
- In a ketone, two carbon groups are attached to a carbonyl group.
Naming Aldehydes - Pg. 510
- In the IUPAC names for aldehydes, the “-e” in the corresponding alkane
is replaced by “-al”.
- Common names use a prefix with aldehyde:
- form (1c),
- acet (2C)
- propion (3C)
- butry (4C)
Know both names!⇒
Aldehydes in Flavouring - Pg. 512
- Several naturally occurring aldehydes are used as flavourings for foods and fragrances.
Know that almonds,
vanilla and cinnamon get their
flavour from aldehydes. Also be
able to name functional groups
Naming Ketones - Pg. 512
- “-e” in the alkane name is replaced with “-one”.
- In the common name, add the word “ketone” after naming the alkyl groups attached to
the carbonyl group.
Examples:
O O
|| ||
CH3—-C—CH3 CH3—C—CH2—CH3
Propanone 2-Butanone
(Dimethyl ketone) (Ethyl methyl ketone Acetone)
Ketones in Common Use - Pg. 513
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03-59-191
Week Four/Five: February 5 - 9, 2018
- Propanone
- Dimethylketone
- Acetone
14.1 Learning Check: Identifying Aldehydes and Ketone
1. Classify each as either an aldehyde or a ketone
O
||
a. CH3—CH2—C—CH3
O
||
b. CH3—C—H
2. Name the following compounds
a. O
||
CH3—CH2—C—CH3
CH3 O
| ||
b. CH3—C—CH2—C—H
|
CH3
3. Draw the structural formulas for each:
a. 2,3-Dichloropropane
b. 3-Methyl-2-butanone
14.2 Physical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
Learning Goals → Compare the boiling points and solubility of aldehydes and ketones to those of alkanes and
alcohols
Solubility in Water - Pg. 516
- The electronegative O atom of the carbonyl group of aldehydes
and ketone forms hydrogen bonds with water.
14.3 Oxidation and Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones
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Document Summary
Introduction to organic and biological chemistry for health sciences. Learning goals identify compounds with the carbonyl group as aldehydes and ketones. Give the iupac name and common names for aldehydes and ketones. The carbonyl group is found in aldehydes and ketones. In an aldehyde, an h atom is attached to carbonyl group. In a ketone, two carbon groups are attached to a carbonyl group. In the iupac names for aldehydes, the -e in the corresponding alkane is replaced by -al . Common names use a prefix with aldehyde: form (1c), acet (2c) propion (3c) butry (4c) Several naturally occurring aldehydes are used as flavourings for foods and fragrances. Know that almonds, vanilla and cinnamon get their flavour from aldehydes. E in the alkane name is replaced with -one . In the common name, add the word ketone after naming the alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl group. Propanone 2-butanone (dimethyl ketone) (ethyl methyl ketone acetone)
