ESCI 2610 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Geologic Time Scale, Crop Residue, Demographic Transition
14 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Energy Resources
Demographic Background
Industrialized (MDC’s) Nations: industrialized trends, poverty, world population, growth
rate, doubling time
Developing World (LDC’s): energy choices, urbanization, demographic transition, 4
stages, birthday and deaths.
Economic Health of Nations
GNP and GDP, resource consumption, the cost of environmental cleanup doesn’t
usually enter into consideration for GNP/GDP. Around the world there is a big pattern in
consumption for MDCs and LDCs. Money isn’t evenly distributed, however there are
resources in LDCs but theres the issue of debt so they end up being given to MDCs.
Net Cash Flow: difference between inflow and outflow of cash in a nation. Growing
gap between richer and poorer nations.
Non-renewable Energy Resources
Early fossil fuel use in ancient Babylon and China. Main commercial fuels: coals,
petroleum, hydroelectric, and nuclear. MDCs consume 75% of resources, problem is
these are finite and have an impact on air quality and climate.
There are two ranges for coal deposits. C-P is the subdivision of the geological time
scale for coal and K is cretaceous. 30% of commercial energy comes from coal and its
seen as a dirty fuel because the development and exploration of it pollutes the
environment. The clean way of doing it is the gasification of coal, the coal isn’t mined,
its left where it is underground. An injection well is drilled to the coal bed, natural gases
are injected to the well and the coal is burned. End product is methane gas. Mesozoic
and Cenozoic.
60% of energy satisfied through crude oil and natural gas. How are they transported?
Tanker ship or railway or pipeline? Transportation by pipeline is easy to monitor because
it’s easy to monitor. Development of uranium requires a lot of water. Safety concerns.
Renewable Energy Resources
Firewood, charcoal, animal excrement (biogas) and crop residue. 11-14% worldwide as
a contribution to energy mostly in developing countries. Solar energy, geothermal
energy (energy from earth’s deeper interior), wind energy, and ocean tidal sources. On
a global scale these account for less than 1%. Solar energy involves the conversion of
solar radiation to streams of electrons which pass through solar (photovoltaic) cells
which are the building blocks of solar panels. Geothermal is a reference to steam from
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Document Summary
Industrialized (mdc"s) nations: industrialized trends, poverty, world population, growth rate, doubling time. Developing world (ldc"s): energy choices, urbanization, demographic transition, 4 stages, birthday and deaths. Gnp and gdp, resource consumption, the cost of environmental cleanup doesn"t usually enter into consideration for gnp/gdp. Around the world there is a big pattern in consumption for mdcs and ldcs. Money isn"t evenly distributed, however there are resources in ldcs but theres the issue of debt so they end up being given to mdcs. Net cash flow: difference between inflow and outflow of cash in a nation. Early fossil fuel use in ancient babylon and china. Main commercial fuels: coals, petroleum, hydroelectric, and nuclear. Mdcs consume 75% of resources, problem is these are finite and have an impact on air quality and climate. C-p is the subdivision of the geological time scale for coal and k is cretaceous.
