ESCI 2610 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Smog, Lyme Disease, Waterborne Diseases
14 Jun 2018
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Lecture 9 – Outcomes of Land Use
Changes to the Earth’s Surface
There is 4-5 billion hectares of forested land on earth. In most places the forests took a
hit at the beginning of the industrial revolution. Latter part of 20th century, MDCs and ex-
USSR saw the mess they made and decided to start reforesting. Highways are built
through forested land, at the expense of forested land, to mining areas.
Beneficial changes in use of forest cover: food supply, shifting cultivation, burn
cultivation to make way for agricultural development, shelter, resources.
Adverse Changes: loss of free circulation of intake of carbon dioxide, gas flux to
atmosphere, loss of resources, habitat loss, biodiversity loss, pollution of water.
Particularly in upland regions, the scene is set for intensified soil erosion that is in contrast
to a densely vegetated area. Part of that story is that streams originating in the upland
area are going to be polluted by suspended material.
With increasing global temperatures, natural hazards will intensify. Southeastern
Saskatchewan will experience of SEVERE drought.
Changes to the Atmosphere
Air pollution and acid deposition: the particulate matter coming out of factories
coming back down.
Mesoscale (multiple 10 km from source). Transportation of pollutants in MDCs.
Local/ sub regional effects in LDCs as they begin to industrialize.
Atmospheric Haze (fly-ash, oxides of S and N, HCs).
Enhanced greenhouse effect, artificial additions to the atmosphere. Ozone in the
stratosphere is beneficial to us in diluting the effects of UV light, it is now under depletion
by chemicals related to the refrigerated industry. CFC. Release molecules of O3 into O2
with release of electrons.
Ozone in the troposphere is part of photochemical smog.
Land-Use Changes and Health
Microbial Emergence: when forest cover was removed in search for metallic minerals
(iron) as an energy source. In Connecticut the loss of forest cover and reintroduction
later on introduced microbes that carry Lyme disease.
With big dams there is a problem related to water-borne disease from polluted water
and organisms that are affecting people. The connection between famine,
malnutrition, infectious diseases are greatly intensified and it usually effects children the
most.
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Document Summary
There is 4-5 billion hectares of forested land on earth. In most places the forests took a hit at the beginning of the industrial revolution. Latter part of 20th century, mdcs and ex- Ussr saw the mess they made and decided to start reforesting. Highways are built through forested land, at the expense of forested land, to mining areas. Beneficial changes in use of forest cover: food supply, shifting cultivation, burn cultivation to make way for agricultural development, shelter, resources. Adverse changes: loss of free circulation of intake of carbon dioxide, gas flux to atmosphere, loss of resources, habitat loss, biodiversity loss, pollution of water. Particularly in upland regions, the scene is set for intensified soil erosion that is in contrast to a densely vegetated area. Part of that story is that streams originating in the upland area are going to be polluted by suspended material. With increasing global temperatures, natural hazards will intensify.
