48-101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Auguste Comte, Surplus Labour, Primitive Communism

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Comte, marx, weber and durkheim on social change. Theory tentative interpretation and explanation of social reality. Theory : wide-ranging system of ideas, big ideas with far reaching consequences. Political revolution - time to question church, religion; to question power; disorder in society. Similarly societies pass through three stages of development: Sources of change: population increase, division of labour, intellectual knowledge. Sources of social cohesion: language , religion (past culture, division of labour linking people. Modes of production (divides society into ways of production. A-forces of production labour-power and human"s productive experience (knowledge & skills) Means of production (technology, capital land, tools, etc. ) Primitive communism (no surplus labour: population increase, division of labour, tribal contacts and slavery. Slavery (no formal or legal freedom: force surplus value inefficient system, serf . Feudalism (formal and legal freedom: kings and lords" loyalty, peasants and protection, necessary and surplus labour, traditional-legal sources of surplus value.

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