Anatomy and Cell Biology 2221 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Appendicular Skeleton, Axial Skeleton, Shoulder Girdle

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Consists of bones, cartilage, ligaments and joints. 206 named bones grouped into 2 divisions: axial skeleton (green) 80 bones, appendicular skeleton (yellow) 126 bones. Axial skeleton consists of: skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum. Appendicular skeleton consists of: upper and lower limbs, shoulder (pectoral) girdle attaches upper limbs to trunk, pelvic girdle attaches lower limbs to trunk. Head- bony expansion carried on a narrow neck. Projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment. Tuberosity- large rounded projections (can be rough) Line- narrow ridge; less prominent than crest. Vertical compressive force from skull on atlas can cause a jefferson (burst) fracture. Hyperextension of the head on the neck can cause a traumatic spondylolysis of c2 (hangman"s fracture) The neck is in place and the head is forcefully hyperextended on the neck. Braking between superior and inferior articular processes. Sterno-clavicular joint (1) and acromio-clavicular joint (2: sterno-clavicular joint is the only articulation between axial and appendicular skeleton, immovable joint.

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