Anatomy and Cell Biology 3319 Lecture Notes - Lecture 35: Post-Nasal Drip, Nasal Concha, Palatine Bone
1 May 2018
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Lecture 035: Respiratory System: Nasal Cavities, Pharynx, Larynx
Respiratory System Overview
●Nasal cavity
○ Only externally visible part of the respiratory system
○ Lined with respiratory epithelium
■ Ability to produce mucus
○ Filaments extend through holes in the cribriform plate
■ Provides the upper respiratory with the sense of smell
○Function
■ Houses special sense of smell (CN I, olfactory)
■ Filters, warms and moistens inhaled air
■ Mucus traps bacteria and particulates
■ Important as a resonance chamber for speech
● Pharynx
Bones of the Nasal cavity
● Frontal bone
○ Contributes to the
bridge of the nose
● Nasal bone
○ Makes up most of the
bridge of the nose
● Maxilla
○ External surface of the
nose
● Middle nasal Concha
● Inferior nasal concha
○ Not part of the ethmoid
● Perpendicular plate
○ Part of the ethmoid
○ Meets with the vomer
● Vomer
● Sphenoid bone
● Palatine bone
● Palatine process (of the maxilla)
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Roof and Floor of Nasal Cavity
● Roof
○ Composed of ethmoid and sphenoid bones
● Floor
○ Made up of the hard and soft palate
○ Hard palate
■ Bony
■ Composed of maxilla and palatine bones
○ Soft palate
■ Muscular
■ Mucous membrane and muscles
Nasal Cartilage
● Allows for some flexibility
● Septal cartilage
○ Forms the rest of the septum
● Lateral cartilage and major atar atlage
○ Form framework of the nostrils
● Dense fibrous connective tissue
Diseases of the Nasal Cavity
Deviated Septum
● Most commonly a result of trauma
○ However, can be congenital
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● Lead to
○ Breathing problems through the hose
○ Frequent nosebleeds (if the mucus membranes rub up on eachother)
○ Sinus infections (sinusitis)
● Can be corrected with septoplasty
○ Moves the septum back to the midline
Rhinitis
●Inflammation of the nasal mucosa
○ Resulting in excessive production of mucus
○ Leads to nasal congestion, running nose, and post nasal drip
● Caused by
○ Cold/flu, viruses, bacteria, allergens
Epistaxis
● Nasal mucosa has a rich blood supply (help warms the air in the nasal cavity)
○ Thus nosebleeds tend to be profuse
○ Most common area of hemorrhage is in the anterior third quadrant of the nasal
cavity
■Kiesselbach's area/plexus
● Anastomosis of branches of the facial, ophthalmic, and maxillary
artery
● Can occur from trauma, dryness, excessive nose blowing
● 2 types of nose bleeds
○ Mild epistaxis
■ Tearing of veins
○ Heavy blood spurts
■ Arteries are torn
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Document Summary
Lecture 035: respiratory system: nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx. Only externally visible part of the respiratory system. Filaments extend through holes in the cribriform plate. Provides the upper respiratory with the sense of smell. Houses special sense of smell (cn i, olfactory) Important as a resonance chamber for speech. Contributes to the bridge of the nose. Makes up most of the bridge of the nose. Made up of the hard and soft palate. Frequent nosebleeds (if the mucus membranes rub up on eachother) Moves the septum back to the midline. Leads to nasal congestion, running nose, and post nasal drip. Nasal mucosa has a rich blood supply (help warms the air in the nasal cavity) Most common area of hemorrhage is in the anterior third quadrant of the nasal cavity. Anastomosis of branches of the facial, ophthalmic, and maxillary artery. Can occur from trauma, dryness, excessive nose blowing. Air- filled cavities within the sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal and maxilla bone.
