Biochemistry 2280A Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Oseltamivir, Neuraminidase Inhibitor, Sumo Protein
14 Dec 2016
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Document Summary
Describe what an enzyme is and how it accelerates biochemical reactions. Understand the different types of reactions that enzymes can perform. Biological catalysts: perform nearly all chemical transformations in cells, accelerate, but are unchanged by, a reaction. Name often ends in "ase (eg. protease) Often extremely speci c: they have targeted" or restricted ligands (called substrates, substrate: the molecule on which an enzyme acts. Enzymes carry out a limited number of chemical reactions. Types of chemical reactions carried out by enzymes. Hydrolytic cleavage using water: nucleases, proteases, phosphatases. Condensation connect molecules together: polymerases, synthases. Oxidation-reduction gain or loss of electrons: oxidases, reductases, dehydrogenases. Group transfer transfer chemical group: phosphorylation, sumolyation, acetylation, glycosylation. Enzymes act on but are unchanged by substrates. Part of the enzyme where the reaction takes place: small part of enzyme surface (5% or less, often a cleft or crevice between domains. Substrate binds in active site: multiple weak bonds, dissociates from enzyme.
