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Biochemistry 2280A Lecture Notes - Xeroderma Pigmentosum, Benzene, Basal Lamina

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School
Western University
Department
Biochemistry
Course
Biochemistry 2280A
Professor
Eric Ball

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Document Summary

Codon bias: in any organism there are preferred codons for each amino acid (codons that are used more than others, ex. E coli uses cgc and cgu for coding arginine, over using cga or cgg: this differs between organisms - humans use all fairly significantly, with cgg and. Cancer is: the leading cause of death in north america, strikes victims of all ages, will become even more prevalent as the population ages, 2 types of tumors, benign (adenoma) - can be removed surgically, malignant - metastasized. Metastasis: figure 20. 44, cancer cells move to other organs, cancer cells can break through basal lamina, and break into bloodstream and lymphatic system. Cancer is a genetic disease: susceptibility to cancer can be inherited retinoblastoma (a cancer of the eye, xeroderma pigmentosa (a cancer of the skin, some break and intestinal cancers. Dna damaging agents cause cancer: radiation: uv, x-rays, chemical mutagens.

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Related Questions

Any input on this would be very welcome but a more simple answer would be better since I am having a difficult time understanding what this question wants.

You have made an interesting observation concerning overexpression of phage λ int gene. In lab, you made a plasmid construct that placed the int gene downstream of a strong regulatable promoter and supplied a strong ribosome binding site for the mRNA transcript encoding int. When int expression was turned on from this construct, protein synthesis was inhibited and cells died. However, you showed that cell death was not due to toxicity of the Int protein produced, because the deleterious effects of int overexpression is reversed if cells contain a plasmid expressing an arginyl tRNA gene, which makes a tRNA that decodes the AGA codon.

You also noticed this pattern of usage of arginine codons in the Int protein (shown in table below).

codon Number of codons in int frequancy of usage in E. coli Protiens
CGU 2 0.42
CGC 6 0.37
CGA 5 0.05
CGG 1 0.08
AGA 10 0.04
AGG 9 0.03

From the information provided, what do the results suggest about the mechanism of overexpression toxicity?