Biochemistry 2280A Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Glycosidic Bond, Oligosaccharide, Disaccharide
5 May 2018
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Topic 1: 3-4, 39-79, 224
Biochemistry - the study of the of the molecules of life / the chemistry of biological molecules
Noncovalent Bonds:
- Do’t ivolve the sharig of eletros
- Individually quite weak, but their energies can sum to create an effective force between molecules
- Include: H-bonds, Electrostatic Attraction (ex. ionic bonds, dipole-dipole), Van Der Waals Attraction,
Hydrophobic Interactions
- These Noncovalent bonds specify the precise shape of a macromolecule (ex. a polypeptide chain) and
allow a macromolecule to bind other selected molecules (ex. enzymes and substrates)
Small Molecules in Cells
- Cells contain 4 major families of small organic molecules: sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides
- *monomer, *polymer
- Fatty Aids are’t ooers, ad Fats/Merae Lipids are’t polyers
- Proteins, Carbohydrates, RNA, and DNA molecules are synthesized from subunits by repetitive condensation
reactions, and it is the specific sequence of subunits that determines their unique functions
Sugars/Carbohydrates
- simplest sugars are monosaccharides; they have the general formula (CH2O)n
- 2 monosaccharides can join together to make a disaccharide via a condensation reaction where water
is expelled and a glycosidic bond is formed
- Many monosaccharides can join together to make an oligosaccharide or polysaccharide
Fats
- Fatty Acids are composed of a hydrophilic carboxylic acid head connected to hydrophobic fatty acid tail
- These fatty acid tails can be saturated (no kink) or unsaturated (no kink for trans, kink for cis)
- Derivatives of fatty acids include triacylglycerols (glycerol + 3 fatty acids), phospholipids (polar group +
phosphate + glycerol + 2 fatty acid chains; lipid found in cell membrane)
Building Block
Macromolecule
*Monosaccharides (simple sugars - glucose, fructose,
galactose, etc.)
*Polysaccharides (complex sugars - starch, amylose,
amylopectin, cellulose, glycogen, etc.), Oligosaccharides,
Disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, lactose)
*Amino Acid
*Polypeptide
*Nucleotides
*Nucleic Acids
Fatty Acids
Fats and Membrane Lipids
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Biochemistry - the study of the of the molecules of life / the chemistry of biological molecules. Individually quite weak, but their energies can sum to create an effective force between molecules. Include: h-bonds, electrostatic attraction (ex. ionic bonds, dipole-dipole), van der waals attraction, These noncovalent bonds specify the precise shape of a macromolecule (ex. a polypeptide chain) and allow a macromolecule to bind other selected molecules (ex. enzymes and substrates) Cells contain 4 major families of small organic molecules: sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides. *monosaccharides (simple sugars - glucose, fructose, galactose, etc. ) *polysaccharides (complex sugars - starch, amylose, amylopectin, cellulose, glycogen, etc. Fatty a(cid:272)ids are(cid:374)"t (cid:373)o(cid:374)o(cid:373)ers, a(cid:374)d fats/me(cid:373)(cid:271)ra(cid:374)e lipids are(cid:374)"t poly(cid:373)ers. Proteins, carbohydrates, rna, and dna molecules are synthesized from subunits by repetitive condensation reactions, and it is the specific sequence of subunits that determines their unique functions. Simplest sugars are monosaccharides; they have the general formula (ch2o)n.
