Biology 1001A Lecture Notes - Chemical Energy, Gibbs Free Energy, Isolated System

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Energy the ability to do work kinetic=motion potential=stored energy; glucose has potential energy because of the bonds (chemical potential energy) Thermodynamics study of energy and how it get transformed. Isolated system energy or matter do not move example: thermos. Closed system only energy can exchange through a system and surroundings example: the earth (very little matter is exchanged. Open system everything moves, matter, light, heat, etc. The laws of thermodynamics control everything, such as: energy flow, biological systems, etc. Total energy is constant cant be made or destroyed, but can be changed. Example: niagara falls potential to kinetic energy, followed by heat and vibrational energy. Electricity can be harnessed from the falls energy transformed. Energy transformations are never 100% efficient some energy is lost to the environment. Entropy of a system and surroundings always increases example: new car smell ; doesn"t stay new. Entropy increases during phase changes solid to liquid to gas. (gas has the highest entropy)

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