Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Horizontal Gene Transfer, Nuclear Dna, Genetic Recombination
23 May 2013
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
The evolutionary process of endosymbiosis created organisms with typically prokaryotic genes in organelles and typically. Wow. relative sizes of typical mitochondrial, chloroplast and nuclear genomes. Chloroplast pretty small genome (200kb: circular chromosomes present in many copies of chromosomes in each organelle. Nucleus very large genome (120 000kb) If genes don"t code for proteins (mrna) they are coding for trna and rrna. rubisco structure and assembly from components coded by different genomes possible reasons why modern organelle genomes have become dramatically smaller over evolutionary time. Genes have moved to nucleus so there is no need for it to be in organelles anymore no redundancy. Genes have been deleted - organelles can afford to lose genes. Hosts that have suffered a mutation/deletion of genes are at a favorable advantage delete genes in organelles that are not needed there anymore - reduces energy use.
