Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Golgi Apparatus, Endomembrane System, Cell Membrane
Document Summary
Formation of endomembrane system: ancient prokaryotic cell, through gradual in-folding of plasma membrane, endomembrane system formed. Prokaryotic ancestors of mitochondria and chloroplasts were engulfed by larger prokaryotic cells. Mitochondria came first - capable of using oxygen for aerobic respiration. Chloroplasts developed from ingested cyanobacteria: theory evidence. Reproduction: form or shape of both organelles is similar to prokaryotic cells, mitochondria or chloroplasts are derived only from preexisting mitochondria and chloroplasts divide by binary fission. Genetic information: both organelles contain their own dna codes for the proteins essential for the organelles function. Transcription & translation: contain a complete transcription and translational machinery enzymes and ribosomes, similar ribosomes to prokaryotic cells. Electron transport: can generate energy in the form of atp through their own etc. 2. 2 bya cyanobacteria evolve: oxygenic photosynthesis, atmosphere contains oxygen. Oxygen as terminal electron acceptor: prokaryotes that undergo aerobic respiration. Prokaryotic cells made enormous amounts of atp through mitochondrion.
