Biology 1201A Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Chromosome, Telomerase, Neurodegeneration

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Structure and fu(cid:374)(cid:272)tio(cid:374) (cid:373)a(cid:455) (cid:374)ot (cid:271)e affe(cid:272)ted (cid:271)(cid:455) a (cid:374)u(cid:272)leotide s(cid:449)ap (cid:271)e(cid:272)ause (cid:396)edu(cid:374)da(cid:374)t- could be a silent mutation, a swap does change the codon in the genetic code. Mutations: good, bad or silent: double stranded (becomes mutation after semi-conservative replication that causes a wrong mismatch pair, heritable changes in dna sequence, both sides of double helix have a wrong base pair. Damaged: single stranded change- can cause no change after semi-conservative replication. Just one side of double helix has a wrong base. Single nucleotide polymorphism: single base change- double stranded, happen naturally- nothing bad causes this. A-g or g-t etc: not necessarily calls for more bonds (ex. Structural variation- changes in physical arrangement of genes (or sequences) on chromosomes: ex. Cnv- copy number variation: vary how many copies of a particular variation, could be a centromere, sequence, chromosome. Cnv: deletion/insertion, duplication, reciprocal translocation: both parties receiving something, translocation= swap b/w two nonhomologous chromosome.

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