Biology 1202B Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Competitive Inhibition, Hydrolysis, Reaction Rate

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ochrebee715

30 Apr 2012

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Bioenergetics the study of energy in living system (environments) and the organisms that utilize it. Potential energy energy that matter occupies because of it"s location, arrangement, or position (ex: water behind a dam) Kinetic energy energy in the process of doing work (energy of motion) (ex: heat) Entropy amount of disorder in a system. Measures the energy that is no longer available to perform useful work within the current environment. Free energy the portion of a system"s energy that can perform work when the temperature is uniform. G = the change in free energy in a system changing from one state to another. Endergonic reactions chemical reactions requiring a net input of energy (ex: photosynthesis: g > 0. Exergonic reactions chemical reactions that release energy (ex: cellular respiration: g < 0 (spontaneous reactions) Coupled reactions use exergonic reactions to power an endergonic reaction.

Related Questions

As entropy increases there will be more useful energy to doâworkâ. True or false?

False. As entropy increases, there will generally be less usefulenergy to do work. We can think of entropy as usually being presentin the form of heat energy. Imagine a car motor, which attempts toturn chemical potential energy into kinetic energy (movement). Lessefficient motors will get hotter for the same amount of fuelconsumed. When you drive a car you hope that most of the fuelenergy is converted into kinetic energy and not lost as heat(entropy). The hotter the car (and thus the more entropy) the lessefficient the ability to do âworkâ (the moving of the vehicle).

True. As entropy increases, there will generally be more usefulenergy to do work. We can think of entropy as usually being presentin the form of heat energy. In most biological and mechanicalsystems it is heat energy which is captured to do useful 'work'.Heat energy, the random movement of molecules, and increases inentropy are central to doing useful work.

Biological systems sometimes appear on the surface to break theSecond Law of Thermodynamics â by seemingly increasing the order inthe overall system. They donât. Why?

a. Earth (and living things on it) are not a closed system. Thesun's constant input of energy in the form of photons is harnessedby living things to create internal order within themselves. Butwithout such a constant input of energy, most biological systems onearth would break down.

b. The Second Law tells us that no natural process can occurunless it is also associated with an increase in the entropy of theuniverse. A living organism (such as an animal or plant) brings inmatter and energy from its environment and uses this to creategreater order within its body: the processes of life. But it isimportant to keep in mind that all animals and plants are also partof a larger system of the environment around them. While creating asmall âpocketâ of order, the processes of life (metabolism,movement, etc..) releases heat into the environment â thusincreasing the entropy of the universe and following the2^nd law.

c. Living things, by harnessing energy to create order (withinand around themselves) actually create a paradox in questionssurrounding the first and second laws of thermodynamics andseemingly violate many previously held assumptions.

d. Both a and b above are correct.

When plants capture energy in the photons of sunlight andconvert that energy into the chemical bonds of organic molecules,are they creating new energy?

No, the energy is being transferred from one form into another.But no new energy is being created.

No, the overall total energy is decreasing over time.

Yes, by capturing photons, the plants are creating newenergy.

Yes, by capturing photons, the plants are creating new energy -of a different wavelength.

ceruleanhamster867

1)ATP:

a) can be madein exergonic reactions
b) can be used in endergonic reactions
c) consists of adenine, ribose and three phosphate groups d) is anenergy carrier molecule
e) all of the above are true

2) Which typeof energy does glucose have as a result of its chemicalstructure?

a) solarenergy
b) kinetic energy
c) potential energy d) activation energy

3) The firstlaw of thermodynamics states that:

a) energyconversions always increase entropy in the universe b) heat israndom energy of the lowest quality
c) the sum of all an organism

salmonporcupine872

Recall that energy cannot be created or destroyed but only changed from one form to another.

If you drove to school in a car powered by gasoline.

A).Where did the energy in the gas came from? Trace the steps in the transformation of this energy as far back as you can.

B). What happens to this energy once it is in the car?

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Biology 1202B Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Competitive Inhibition, Hydrolysis, Reaction Rate

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