Biology 1202B Lecture Notes - Intron, Transfer Rna, Alternative Splicing

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ochrebee715

30 Apr 2012

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There are typically around 120 mutations in a 46 chromosome cell: 120/6billion nucleotides have a mutation, thus it is not usually serious. Only 1. 5% of the whole human genome codes for mrna and proteins, so we don"t worry about these mutations very much. We have billions of cells, so it is not common for many cells to have the same mutations. Dna double stranded, has thymine (t), sugar has no oxygen at c2". Rna single stranded, has uracil (u), sugar has oxygen at c2". Prokaryotes have no nucleus, so transcription and translation can occur simultaneously. Eukaryotes have a nucleus, so rna must be moved to the cytoplasm for translation to occur. Codon = 3 rna nucleotides that are read as a triplet: aug = methionine start codon (start transcription, uaa/uag/uga stop codon (stop transcription) Transcription turning dna into rna: transcription occurs in the nucleus of an eukaryotic cell. Initiation rna polymerase wraps around (doesn"t bind) a double stranded piece of.

Related Questions

What are the three processes in post-transcriptional processes that must be completed before transcripts can be translated in eukaryotes?

A.	Binding of snRNPs, addition of a poly A tail, splicing of introns
B.	Binding of snRNPs, transporting, synthesizing of ribose
C.	Capping, transporting, synthesizing of ribose
D.	Binding of snRNPs, capping, splicing
E.	Capping, splicing, addition of a poly A tail

Which of the following key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription are TRUE? Check all that apply.

	A. prokaryotic transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, while eukaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus
	B. eukaryotic transcription is carried out by 1 RNA polymerase, while prokaryotic transcription is carried out by 3 different RNA polymerases
	C. eukaryotic transcripts are processed, while prokaryotic transcripts are translated while transcription is still occurring
	D. prokaryotes have sigma factors for specificity of binding whereas eukaryotes have multiple general transcription factors
	E. prokaryotes have to worry about unpackaging the DNA for transcription, while eukaryotes have almost naked DNA not bound up by nucleosome

whitehippopotamus545

Fill in the blank. Elongation during translation does NOT involve ____________.

Question 16 options:

	the translation of codons according to the genetic code
	the formation of bonds catalyzed by the ribosome
	complementary base pairing between RNA molecules
	amino acids being linked together in a polypeptide
	reading the DNA template 3' to 5'

For a given gene, what establishes the reading frame for translation?

Question 17 options:

	the location of the enhancer relative to the gene
	the first three nucleotides at the 5' end of the mRNA
	the first three nucleotides at the 3' end of the mRNA
	the start codon in the mRNA
	the location of the promoter relative to the gene

Which of the following is the LEAST likely direct consequence of a substitution mutation?

Question 18 options:

	changing the length of a protein coded for by a gene
	changing one amino acid in a protein
	creating a stop codon
	eliminating a start codon
	changing the length of the DNA molecule containing a gene

Suppose that the pre-mRNA transcript from a eukaryotic gene is 30,000 nucleotides long, and the gene codes for a sequence of 300 amino acids. What is the best explanation for the relationship between these numbers?

Question 19 options:

	only the first 900 nucleotides of the pre-mRNA transcript are translated
	it takes 100 nucleotides to specify a single amino acid
	300 of the nucleotides in the transcript are important, and the rest are "junk"
	only the last 900 nucleotides of the pre-mRNA transcript are translated
	large portions of pre-mRNA transcripts are cut out during RNA processing

Suppose an individual is born into a population with a novel mutation. Is the new mutation an evolutionary change, and why?

Question 20 options:

	no, because it is not a big enough change to count
	yes, because new mutations are always adaptive
	yes, because the appearance of a new genetic variant is a genetic change in a population
	no, because not enough individuals have the mutation for it to matter
	no, because most mutations are not adaptive

1. DNA, or the instructions for making proteins, is found within the _____ of the cell; while protein synthesis machinery is found in the _____ of the cell.

nucleus; cytoplasm

nucleolus; nucleus

cytoplasm;nucleus

nucleus; plasma membrane

2.During transcription, double stranded DNA is transcribed into a complementary molecule of

single-stranded DNA.

double-stranded DNA.

single-stranded mRNA.

single-stranded tRNA.

15. Place the following steps in the order in which they occur during gene expression.

mRNA is carried to ribosomes in the cytoplasm, DNA is transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus, mRNA is translated into polypeptides by tRNA

mRNA is carried to ribosomes in the cytoplasm, mRNA is translated into polypeptides by tRNA, DNA is transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus

DNA is transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus, mRNA is translated into polypeptides by tRNA, mRNA is carried to ribosomes in the cytoplasm

DNA is transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus, mRNA is carried to ribosomes in the cytoplasm, mRNA is translated into polypeptides by tRNA

Biology 1202B Lecture Notes - Intron, Transfer Rna, Alternative Splicing

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