Biology 2382B Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Cyan, Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate, Protein Dimer

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Learning objective: basic elements of cell signaling, signaling through intracellular receptors, signaling through cell-surface receptors, g protein coupled receptor system. Gpcr, g proteins, types of g , effectors, second messengers: fret. Controls all aspects of normal development & physiology. Initiator of diseases cancer, heart, diabetes . Basic elements of cell signalling: signal or signaling molecule (ligand, primary messenger) Small molecules (epinephrine, acetylcholine, steroids), peptide hormones, monoamines etc. Large molecules, growth factors, cytokines (proteins: receptors. Intracellular receptors: intracellular signaling and effector proteins. G proteins, protein kinases and phosphatases, etc: second messengers. Ca2+, camp, cgmp, ip3, dag, no, etc. Starts with a signal (you can have diff. types of signals) Next binds to intracellular receptors and elicits a change e. g alterations of an enzyme > this is for hydrophobic molecules. Larger molecules that are hydrophilic have to rely on an extracellular receptor also have a systolic component that helps transduct the signal.

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