Biology 2382B Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Red Blood Cell, Cell Membrane, Myosin

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The centromere is the constricted dna sequence required for proper segregation of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis and is the region of mitotic chromosomes where the kinetochore forms. It is the outer kinetochore and inner kinetochore proteins that constitute the kinetochore and mediate the attachment of chromosomes to microtubules. Microtubules are captured away from the outer kinetochore. This is so the microtubule plus-end can be assembled and disassembled easily. The correct capture and congression of chromosomes involves all chromosomes being captured by microtubules and all chromosomes aligning during metaphase (checkpoints of mitosis involving microtubules). As a microtubule captures the outer kinetochore of a chromosome, there is a stabilization of plus-end growth, which achieves greatest stability when the chromosome is captured by microtubules from both sides. During alignment or congression, the now bi-oriented chromosomes then move to a central point between the spindle poles.

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