Biology 2581B Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Antimicrobial Resistance, Plasmid, Chromosome

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9. 3 bacteria exchange genes through conjugation, transformation, and transduction. All include combination between transferred dna (chromosome or plasmid) and the bacterial chromosome (p. 257 image) Conjugation is when genetic material is directly passed from donor bacterium to host bacterium when they are in close proximity a connection, cytoplasmic bridge forms between them: no reciprocal exchange. Transformation is when a bacteria takes up dna from the medium/ environment. Transduction is when bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) carry dna from one bacterium to another. Can only be carried out if the 2 bacteria are closely related species. Recombination of new dna and host dna occurs through crossing over. Not every bacteria can undergo all 3 processes. Genetic exchange in bacteria di er from 2n eukaryotes in a few ways: dna exchange =/= reproduction. Bacteria undergo reproduction (binary ssion) without the need of receiving dna from others: new dna received that is not incorporated into recipient chromosome is spontaneously degraded.

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