Biology 3466B Lecture Notes - Alloenzyme, Punnett Square, Population Genetics
25 Aug 2013
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Document Summary
Genetic diversity is rampant as a result of mutation. Heterozygosity the proportion of individuals that are heterozygous at a locus (h = 0-1). Allozyme distinct variants of the same enzyme (similar amino acid sequence); thought to reflect neutral genetic variation. New alleles form from mutations during mitotic or meiotic events of the germ (reproductive) cell line. Evolution is the consequence of new alleles that are passed down to offspring. Population genetics the study of how allele and genotype frequencies change across generations to determine the relative importance of different mechanisms of evolution. In this course, simple genes with only 2 alleles will be considered testable material. Each haploid gamete has 1allele (of each gene). The pairing of gametes produces zygotes with given genotypes. The genotypic possibilities for offspring are as follows: 25% homozygous dominant, 50% heterozygous, Represents the fertilization between two haploid gametes (depicting alleles of two genes).
