Biology 3592A Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Ribosomal Rna, Intron, Neutral Mutation
4 Oct 2017
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Document Summary
The human genome is a multi-volume instruction manual: chromosome volume of text, genes chapter of text, acgt nucleotides letter alphabet, mosaicism: different cell types can have different genomes. Karyotype: 46 chromosomes, 22 pairs of autosomes, 1 pair of sex chromosomes. Human nuclear dna is highly packaged in chromosomes. Double helix structure: dna is composed of a phosphate, a sugar, and 1 of the 4 nucleotides, know where nucleotides are in relation to the sugar & phosphate. Phosphate binds to the 3" carbon in the sugar ring. Identify which and where the covalent bonds are. Key concepts: two key properties of nucleic acids, complementary, antiparallel, h-bonds can break/put together by changing temperature. Landscape of a chromosome: genes occupy little landscape on a chromosome (interspersed within dna we don"t know about, lots of non-coding sequences are regulatory. Introns & intergenic areas are sponges to absorb mutation. Mutation in any other areas will have an affect on the phenotype.
