Biology 1001A Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Endonuclease, Amine, Adenine

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A mutation is a change in dna sequence that can be inherited. Most mutations have no effect or cause neutral changes to the organism. Very few mutations are beneficial and some can be lethal or problematic (mutations depend on the conditions you use to observe). A mutant is an organism that experiences a change in its genetic sequence. The wild type is usually considered to be the norm, most frequent and the allele that arose first. Mutants typically display a negative effect on the wild type. Phnotypes are important in tracking and observing mutations in an organism. Examples of phenotypes include altered appearance, altered growth conditions, altered behaviour, and altered molecules. Mutations can result from small changes (based on nucleotides) and if you alter the base on strand, you always end up altering the base on the complementary strand. Base-pair substitutions are a type of small change mutation that involves substituting one nucleotide for another.

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