Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Volvox, Peptide, Mutation

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Molecular evolution: level of the gene, protein, what are the changes, nucleic acid, amino acid. Gene evolution: how do they change over time, mutation. Genes might be lost during these changes: phenotype. Mutation to a gene, alter the shape of the protein (substrate specificity: phenotype is subjected to selection. Selection only acts on phenotype not the genotype (gene sequence) Homology: share a common ancestor, does not mean similar, how do we know if they share a common ancestor. Tom look here, it"s the same gene in volvox and in chlamy . None of above is the right answer. Comparative genomics: sequence genomes, genome annotation, protein prediction, align sequences, determine homology. Genome annotation: sequencing is cheap, no specific mathematics, attach biological meaning to sequence (bio informatics) Automated (algorithms are created to look at specific things) Protein-coding gene prediction: protein coding genes. Detect: promoter elements, intron/exon boundaries, other conserved dna motifs .

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