Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Horizontal Gene Transfer, Endomembrane System, Nuclear Membrane
27 Jan 2020
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Endomembrane system: start off with ancestral bacterium, then infolding pm (plasma membrane) itself, then the nuclear envelope and the er (both the same) fold, Modern day chloroplast and mitochondria are decendents from ancient bacteria engulfed by other bacteria. After the aerobic bacterium gets engulfed, cyanobacterium is also engulfed. Evidence of endosymbiosis: morphology: look the same, formation/division: are same, electron transport chains, genomes: have their own (mito and chloro) everything you need to convert the information, transcription/translation machinery. Movement of mitochondria and nuclear genes over millions of years. Genes are moving from the mito and chloro to the nucleus. You haven"t changed what the genes do, you just change the location. Mitochondria were aerobic bacteria and cyanobacteria were chloroplasts. Cyanobacteria: the first bacteria to perform oxygenic photosynthesis, giving us oxygen in the environment lateral gene transfer: transfer of genes from mito or chloro to nucleus: origin of endomembrane system, nuclear membrane, er etc.
