Biology 2244A/B Lecture Notes - Stratified Sampling, Simple Random Sample, Blind Experiment
17 Apr 2013
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Document Summary
Statistics: a collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining data, and then organizing, summarizing, analyzing, interpreting, presenting, and drawing conclusions based on data. Population: group of all individuals you are studying. Sample: some members of the population we select to measure. Census: the collection of data from every member of the population. Parameter: a measurement describing some characteristic of a population. Statistic: a measurement describing some characteristic of a sample. Names, labels, categories (no order we can put them in) Categories that have an order to them (not numbers) Differences are meaningless between the data values. Like ordinal, but difference is meaningful (+ or -) Ratios and differences are meaningful (x or /) Bias: a systematic favoritism in the data selection process, resulting in misleading results. If you keep choosing randomly, it does not fix your problem. Confounding: occurs when effects of variables are somehow mixed so that the individual effects of variables cannot be identified.
