Biology 2290F/G Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Hydrophile, Carbenicillin, Pyrimidine Dimer
28 Dec 2017
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Document Summary
Compounds produced by some species of bacteria and fungi that inhibit other organisms. Usually function by: inhibition of cell wall synthesis (penicillin), alteration of membrane permeability (nystatin), inhibition of protein synthesis (kanamycin, tetracycline) or inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis (nalidixic acid, rifamycin) Resistant strains usually: enzymatically destroy antibiotic, decrease the membrane permeability of antibiotic, develop an altered molecular target that antibiotic no longer binds to, or develop an altered metabolic pathway to bypass antibiotic-induced block. A transpeptidase enzyme necessary for crosslinking new peptidoglycan chains in the growing cell wall is irreversibly inactivated by ampicillin binding (only effects growing cells) Kills bacteria by binding irreversibly to the 70s subunit of ribosomes causing misreading of mrna. Resistance often conferred by genes coding for enzymes that modify the antibiotic molecule by adding a phosphate or acetyl group (can no longer bind to ribosome)
