Chemistry 2223B Lecture Notes - Prokaryote, Organelle, Chromatin

• School: Western University
• Department: Chemistry
• Course: Chemistry 2223B
• Professor: James Wisner

Document Summary

Cellular structure & function 2: for example, all cells have a lipid-based plasma membrane to hold the cell contents. Cellular structure & function 3: animal cell, plant cell. Cellular structure & function 4: major differences of plant cells from animal cells: Cellular structure & function 5: cell wall, predominantly cellulose, plus other carbohydrates and protein. This thick, inflexible wall is used for structural and mechanical support. Animal cells may have vacuoles, but they are very small: no centrioles or lysosomes, both animal and plant cells have an internal membrane (endomembrane) system. Cellular structure & function 6: mitochondria are used for aerobic respiration and energy generation. They have their own dna and can self-replicate, and most likely originated as prokaryotes. Cellular structure & function 7: in the cristae, pyruvate (formed by glycolysis) is oxidized to co2. The reduction products nadh and fadh2 are used by the electron transport chain to make atp, using o2, hence the term aerobic respiration (oxidative phosphorylaton).