Chemistry 1027A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Effective Nuclear Charge, Coordination Complex, Transition Metal
15 Mar 2015
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Neutral atoms: 4s orbital is filled before 3d orbitals. 4s is slightly lower in energy than the 3d orbital therefore it fills first. 3d orbitals fills first because of increased nuclear charge. Both 4s electrons & 3d electrons can take part in chemical bonds: not just the highest energy level. Possible to use different combinations variations in oxidative states. Maximum oxidative state increases with group number: at the end of series becomes more difficult to use all 4s & 3d electrons. 3d electrons become core electrons & do not take part in chemical bonding. Melting points of elements increase with increase strength of bonding between metal centers: increases from potassium to vanadium # of valence electrons increase, after vanadium melting point decreases. Manganese has lower melting point unusual structure: less tightly packed: after manganese downward trend. # of d electrons increases fewer unpaired electrons to be shared. Increase effective nuclear charge hold electrons more tightly.
