Classical Studies 2800A/B Lecture Notes - Q.E.D., Subtraction, Gerundive

Gerundive (-ndum)

Used to indicate something which must be done in the future - means necessity,

passive "ought to/must be done"

English derivatives end in -um or -a (plural).

In some English derivatives the ending is dropped and in others it is changed to the

adjectival suffix -ous

• Memorandum - something which must be remembered

• Agenda - things that must be done

• Propaganda - things that must be spread.

• Miranda (somebody who must be looked at)

What is the difference between reverend and irreverent? Irreverent is in the present

participle. It means not revering. A reverend is somebody that must be revered.

Q.E.D. - quod erat demonstrandum - "that which must be proved"

-igare/-igatus

- to do or drive

-Other vocabulary (ag-, -ig-, act-)

to do/to make

agent, active

iagare, -igatus > -igate "to make" (Just like -fy, -ize and -ate which mean to make

statu-/stitu-, statut-/stitut-

- to set or make stand (transitive)

- statute, institute

sist/stat (ex. consist)

-to make stand still, "stop" transitive - both of these verbs describe what you're doing to

somebody else (don't memorize)

-resist, consist, assist, insistence, resistance, consistency

-the difference between the words insistence and resistance are not significant - all

words in French that were borrowed from Latin were spelled with the vowel -a-. When

introduced back into English, some were corrected and changed back to an -e- and