Earth Sciences 1086F/G Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Aurora, Red Giant, Orbital Inclination

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Introduction: we will accept that the big bang created everything (matter), and that the most basic form of matter combined ot form elements, that that these eventually formed star-plant systems. This is known as the nebular hypothesis (not ready to be a theory yet). The chemical elements: about one second after the bang, space was 10 billion kelvin and filed with neutrons, protons, electrons, anti-electrons, photons and dark matter". All atoms consist of a central nucleus that contains one or more particles called protons (positively charged) and may or may not contain particles called neutrons (neutral, or no charge); the nucleus as a whole is thus positively charged. The nucleus is surrounded by one or more electrons, which are negatively charged. This offsets or balances the positive charge of the nucleus, making most atoms neutral (i. e. , most atoms have the same number of protons and electrons: ion: an atom with a negative charge or positive charge.

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